What Is a Peripheral Nerve Stimulator?
A peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) is a medical device used to deliver electrical stimulation to peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. The purpose of the stimulation is to modulate pain signals, typically in patients with chronic pain or those undergoing certain surgeries. By sending controlled electrical impulses to specific nerves, the device helps reduce pain by altering the way the nerves transmit pain signals to the brain.
What Do Peripheral Nerve Stimulators Treat?
PNS is primarily used to manage chronic pain and can be applied to various conditions, such as chronic neuropathic pain, post-surgical pain, and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
How Does the Procedure Work?
The peripheral nerve stimulator delivers mild electrical impulses to specific peripheral nerves. This stimulation modifies the way the nerves communicate with the brain, essentially “masking” or interrupting pain signals. The exact mechanism is not entirely understood, but it is believed to involve both direct effects on nerve signal transmission and activation of inhibitory pain pathways. The implantation of a peripheral nerve stimulator is a minimally invasive procedure, typically done in two stages:
- Trial Phase: Electrodes are temporarily placed near the nerve to assess if the patient responds to the therapy. The generator remains external, and the patient tests the device over a week or two.
- Permanent Implantation: If the trial is successful, a permanent stimulator is implanted, with the generator placed under the skin and leads inserted near the targeted nerve.
What Are the Risks?
The peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) procedure is generally considered safe and effective for managing chronic pain, but like any medical intervention, it carries potential risks. Since the procedure involves the implantation of electrodes and sometimes a generator under the skin, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site. Other, less common risks include lead migration or displacement, device malfunction, and pain at the implantation site.
Benefits of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators
Unlike more invasive surgeries, PNS does not require major incisions, making recovery quicker. The intensity of the stimulation can be adjusted, and the device can be turned off or removed if necessary. Many patients can reduce or eliminate the need for opioids or other pain medications, decreasing the risks associated with long-term drug use. Lastly, PNS typically has fewer side effects compared to systemic medications or invasive surgeries
For more information about the Nalu peripheral stimulator, visit the Nalu Medical website.